Project work on rare species of animal

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1.	Introduction	4
2.	Major endangered species	5-14
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Rare species

A rare species is a group of organisms that are very uncommon, scarce, or infrequently encountered. This designation may be applied to either a plant or animal taxon, and is distinct from the term endangered or threatened. Designation of a rare species may be made by an official body, such as a national government, state, or province. The term more commonly appears without reference to specific criteria. The IUCN does not normally make such designations, but may use the term in scientific discussion.

Rarity rests on a specific species being represented by a small number of organisms worldwide, usually fewer than 10,000. However, a species having a very narrow endemic range or fragmented habitat also influences the concept.^[2][3] Almost 75% of known species can be classified as "rare."

The International Union for Conservation of Nature uses the term "rare" as a designation for species found in isolated geographical locations. They are not endangered but classified as "at risk."

A species may be endangered or vulnerable, but not considered rare if it has a large, dispersed population. Rare species are generally considered threatened because a small population size is more likely to not recover from ecological disasters.

Rare species are species with small populations. Many move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. Examples of rare species include the Himalayan brown bear, Fennec fox, Wild Asiatic buffalo and Hornbill.

There are many beautiful animals on this great planet. Some are familiar to us because we’ve seen them in person, on one of the many television shows devoted to animals, or in school books or biology textbooks.  Other animals are rare.  So rare, in fact, that you may have never heard of them.  Or, you may have heard of them, and know that they are extremely rare because they are critically endangered.  Here are some of the rarest animals in the world.

10. Tarsiers

Tarsiers are found only in the islands of Southeast Asia.  Since Southeast Asia encompasses a wide range of islands – Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and more, that might not seem like these little guys are so rare.  When you think about the fact that they used to live in many more regions, it sort of puts in in perspective.  They mostly live in Borneo.  These little primates are only 4-6 inches tall, but their hind legs are twice the length of their torso.  Additionally, their eyes are each the size of their brains.  What else makes these adorable little primates so rare?  They are the only primates who are completely carnivorous – insectivorous to be exact.  They stalk bugs and jump at them.  They also eat small animals like birds, bats, lizards, and snakes.  Tarsiers are considered Critically Endangered and will likely be on that list for some time.  They are, thus far, impossible to breed in captivity.

9. Okapi

Is it a giraffe?  Is it a zebra?  Is it a ziraffe?  A gebra?  It’s an Okapi!  Ever heard of it?  Apparently, the Okapi’s history reaches back to ancient Egypt, where carvings have since been found.  In Europe and Africa, prior to the 20th century, there existed legends of an “African unicorn.”  Today, that animal is thought to be the Okapi.  In 1887, Henry Morton Stanley reported on a type of donkey in the Congo named an “Atti.”  Today, THAT animal is thought to be the Okapi as well.  Scientists, zoologists, and scholars know a lot more about the animal today.  For instance, the fact that it is related to the giraffe, despite it’s zebra-like markings, and the fact that the species Okapia johnstoni is considered a “living fossil,” a creature who seems to be the same species as it’s ancient fossils and has no close living relatives (I guess the giraffe is a VERY distant cousin).  There are about 10,000-20,000 alive in the wild, but since this dude is sooooo vintage, he goes on the list.

8. Sao Tome Shrew

The Sao Tome Shrew is on the Critically Endangered list because not only are there few left, their habitat is progressively declining.  The population continues to decrease, making these animals rare.  Found only Sao Tome Island, a small island that is actually a shield volcano that rises out of the Atlantic Ocean.  These little shrews are only about 3 inches long, and have white teeth (other than the standard yellow) and light bellies.

7. Red Wolf

The Red Wolf is a cousin to the Gray Wolf.  The Red Wolf was actually deemed extinct in the wild in 1980.  There were, luckily, some Red Wolves were still in captivity, twenty to be exact.  Wildlife conservationists increased the number of Red Wolves in captivity to 207, and today there are about 100 living in the wild.  A success story, yes, but the factors that caused the Red Wolf to become so endangered are still present today, in that their hunting ground has been severely depleted.  Luckily there are wildlife preserves that allow these wolves to live in their natural habitat, though protected from urban sprawl.

6. Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombat

This cute critter, considered one of the rarest large mammals in the world, is on the Critically Endangered list.  Over 39 inches long, the Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombat is a shade larger than normal wombats, and are able to breed faster, though that has not improved their Critically Endangered status.  These vision-impaired marsupials inhabit a mere 750 acre space in Epping Forest in Queensland, except for a second colony (recently established) that lives in a predator-protected refuge in St. George.  Currently there are only about 130 Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombats alive.

5. Seychelles Sheath-Tailed Bat

This sac-winged bat lives in the Seychelles Islands that lie north of Madagascar.  Once abundant throughout the island chain, the Seychelle Sheath-Tailed Bat is extinct on most of the islands.  The bats live in harem colonies, and have a high reproductive potential.  Unfortunately, they are very susceptible to habitat changes, and because of their need to roost in several different locations within a habitat, their survival has not been overly successful.  There are less than 100 Seychelles Sheath-Tailed Bats thought to live in the world.

4. Javan Rhino

The Javan Rhino is one of five living rhinoceros types, and is part of the same genus as the Indian Rhinoceros, but they are smaller.  These Javan Rhinos were once abundant in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, but they are now on the Critically Endangered list with only about sixty (broken into two known populations) in the wild.  There are no Javan Rhinos in captivity.  The Vietnam War is cited to be one of the biggest deterrents to the Javan Rhino’s existence, in that it severely depleted its natural habitat.  Some sources say that this rhino is THE rarest large mammal in the world, unlike the Fur-Nosed wombat, who is somewhere on the “Most Rare” list.

3. Golden Tabby Tiger

This type of rare tiger is only found in captivity.  The coloring is a result of a recessive gene, and sometimes the Golden Tabby is also called the Strawberry Tiger.  These types of tigers have a Bengal parentage, but generally have Amur tiger in their lineage somewhere.  This type of tiger has been in existence as far back as the early 1900s, and their occurrence is strangely tied to areas with a heavy concentration of clay in the soil.  There are less than 30 of these tigers known in existence.

2. Yangtze River Dolphin (Baiji)

Also called the Chinese River Dolphin, the Whitefin Dolphin, and the Yangtze Dolphin, the Baiji is NOT the Chinese White Dolphin.  This rare animal has become “functionally extinct”  because of China’s industrialization.  Late in 2006 researchers were unable to find any of these mid-size dolphins, but in August of 2007 a Chinese photographer captured an image of what might be a Bainji.  There are anywhere between 0 and 13 Yangtze River Dolphins left in the world.

1. Pinta Island Tortoise

The Pinta Island Tortoise has been reduced to one known survivor – Lonesome George.  A Galapagos tortoise, George is considered a “poster child” for the conservation efforts in the Galapagos Islands.  George is about 100 years old, and all he’s missing is a mate.  In fact, some sources report that there is a $10000 reward for someone who finds a female mate for George.  There is some skepticism about George’s claim as the last Pinta Island Tortoise in the world.  A Prague zoo claims to have another male that they call Tony, but this information is unconfirmed.

Update: Lonesome George died on June 24, 2012. The subspecies is believed to have become extinct; however, there has been at least one first-generation hybrid individual found outside Pinta Island.

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